It's a valid concern — European roads often feature narrow streets, aggressive drivers, roundabouts, scooters, and unpredictable pedestrians, differing from the more standardized U.S. highways and grids. However, Tesla has conducted extensive real-world testing of FSD Supervised across major EU cities, demonstrating its adaptability to these unique conditions. These tests show FSD handling complex urban navigation smoothly, with zero interventions in many scenarios, proving it's not just US-optimized but ready for Europe's diverse driving environments.

Recent videos from Tesla Europe highlight successful FSD testing:

• Rome, Italy (2:49 min): FSD navigates historic, chaotic streets past the Colosseum with precise turns and pedestrian awareness.
• Berlin, Germany (2:28 min): FSD cruises urban avenues toward a street food market, managing traffic and cyclists effortlessly.
• Madrid, Spain (2:53 min): FSD flows through vibrant boulevards like "a fish in water," adapting to local rhythms.
• Amsterdam, Netherlands (2:02 min): FSD tackles "aggressive anarchy" with bikes, trams, and tight turns—no interventions. - Full breakdown available here.

These demonstrations, based on Tesla's neural net trained on global data, confirm FSD's robustness for EU streets—now just awaiting regulatory greenlight via Article 39 or UNECE updates.

FSD Supervised excels in edge cases through its end-to-end neural network, trained on billions of real-world miles from Tesla's global fleet. This AI mimics human intuition but with superhuman reaction times—detecting obstacles, predicting behaviors, and executing evasive maneuvers in milliseconds. While no system is perfect, FSD's safety record shows it handles fog, snow, chaotic traffic, and near-misses far better than average human drivers, often preventing incidents before they escalate.^[1]

Real-world examples demonstrate FSD's robustness:

• Foggy mountain road at night (1:57 min): FSD navigates dense fog with precise control, maintaining lane and speed where visibility is near-zero.
• Heavy snowstorm countersteering (0:11 min): In Quebec, FSD recovers from a slip on icy roads, drifting and correcting like a pro rally driver.
• Crazy roundabout mastery (1:23 min): FSD flawlessly conquers the infamous Swindon Magic Roundabout in the UK—five mini-roundabouts with mixed traffic flows.
• Toll booth intelligence (1:23 min): FSD pulls up, waits for the driver's transaction, and proceeds automatically once complete—using side cameras to "understand" the process.
• Heavy fog navigation (0:40 min): FSD drives confidently through thick fog, "seeing" further than human eyes via its vision system.
• Highway crash avoidance (0:22 min): FSD slams brakes to stop just in time as a car performs a sudden 360° turn into its path.
• Head-on collision escape (0:16 min): FSD swerves into the adjacent lane to dodge an oncoming vehicle drifting head-on, with zero human input.
• Handling long line of cyclists (1:05 min): FSD handles a long line of cyclists with police escorts.
• Encountering a large truck on a narrow road (0:13 min): FSD encounters a large truck on a very narrow road. Stops, makes space for the truck to pass and continues.
• Navigates around a construction zone at night (1:21 min): FSD navigates around a construction zone on a narrow two-lane road at night.
• Fast reaction to a last second turn signal (0:26 min): FSD enters an intersection, where it encounters another vehicle. The other vehicle is late turning on the turn signal, but FSD reacts immediately after it is.
• FSD handles drive-through (1:39 min): FSD gets into drive-through, waits until the food is delivered, exists and parks on a nearby parking lot.
• Avoids deer at night (0:08 min): FSD avoids collision with a deer that crosses the road at night.

These clips underscore FSD's proactive safety—reacting faster and more consistently than humans in low-visibility, slippery, or erratic scenarios. Ongoing updates continue to refine its edge-case handling.

"Supervised" in Full Self-Driving (FSD) Supervised means the driver remains fully legally responsible for the vehicle at all times. FSD is a Level 2 advanced driver assistance system (ADAS) under SAE standards, not autonomous — the driver must stay alert, monitor the road, and be ready to intervene instantly.^[1] Tesla explicitly states this in its documentation and during activation.

To ensure driver attentiveness, FSD uses in-cabin cameras to monitor eye gaze and hand placement. If the system detects inattention (e.g., looking away for too long), it issues escalating warnings — visual alerts, chimes, and steering wheel vibrations. If ignored, FSD will disengage and require the driver to take full manual control. This "driver monitoring system" is mandatory for compliance in many regions and enhances safety.

The driver can disengage FSD at any time — by pressing the brake, turning the steering wheel, or tapping the stalk — if the system attempts an unsafe or incorrect maneuver. The in-car display provides real-time visualization of FSD's perception and planned actions (e.g., upcoming lane changes, turns, or stops), giving the driver full situational awareness to intervene proactively.

In short: FSD assists — the driver decides. Legal liability rests entirely with the driver, just as with any ADAS like adaptive cruise control or lane-keeping assist.

No — absolutely not. FSD Supervised requires active driver supervision at all times. The system uses an in-cabin camera to monitor eye gaze, head position, and hand placement on the steering wheel. If it detects drowsiness, distraction (e.g., texting), or prolonged inattention, it triggers escalating alerts: visual warnings, chimes, and steering wheel vibrations. If the driver fails to respond, FSD will disengage and require immediate manual control.

Attempting to sleep, watch videos, or use a phone while FSD is active is not only unsafe but technically prevented by the system. Tesla's driver monitoring is among the most advanced in the industry and is designed to enforce compliance with Level 2 SAE standards, where the driver remains fully responsible.

That said, FSD significantly reduces cognitive load and fatigue. Many drivers report arriving fresher after long trips, especially in challenging conditions like night driving, heavy traffic, or stop-and-go jams. By handling routine tasks—steering, braking, lane changes, and navigation—FSD allows drivers to focus on higher-level awareness rather than constant micro-corrections, leading to a more relaxed yet still engaged driving experience.

Looking ahead, Elon Musk has described "texting while driving" as a potential "killer feature" for future unsupervised autonomy, envisioning a world where FSD evolves to eliminate the need for constant attention—potentially within "a month or two" of major updates. However, this is aspirational and definitely not possible today; current FSD remains strictly supervised, with no relaxation of driver monitoring.

In short: You must stay alert — but you'll feel less drained.

Great! We encourage you to experience Full Self-Driving (FSD) Supervised firsthand — no description or video can capture the seamless, confidence-inspiring feel of being driven by AI. It's transformative, reducing stress and enhancing safety on the road.

Tesla started offering FSD test drives in some EU countries (Italy, France and Germany at the time of writing). During these test drives you will be able to experience FSD from the passenger seat, with a Tesla employee in the driver's seat. However, if you want to experience it from the driver's sear and you're traveling to a country where FSD is available (e.g., the U.S., Canada, China, Australia, or New Zealand), here are your best paths:

• Book a Tesla Test Drive: Schedule via the Tesla app or website in an FSD-enabled region, and explicitly request a demo with FSD activated. Tesla advisors often showcase it during highway or urban drives — just mention your interest upfront.
• Rent a Tesla on Turo: Use turo.com to find vehicles with FSD. Search for electric cars or filter by model (e.g., Model 3/Y with 2023+ build dates). Many hosts list FSD availability in the car description; for others, message them via Turo's in-app chat to confirm. Even if not pre-enabled, you can subscribe for a month ($99/month as of 2025). Offer to cover the cost — most hosts agree, as it adds value. This is ideal for extended trials, like road trips, where you can explore FSD over hours or days.

For the best experience, prioritize rentals with Hardware 4 (HW4), which supports the latest FSD versions with enhanced cameras and processing. To identify HW4:

• Visual Check: Look for red-tinted lenses on the front-facing cameras (two red, one black dummy lens) — a key HW4 feature absent in HW3.
• In-Car Confirmation: Once inside, go to Controls > Software > Additional Vehicle Information; it will display "AI4" or "HW4."
• Build Date: HW4 started in mid-2023 for Model S/X and early 2024 for Model 3/Y — check the door jamb sticker or Turo listing.

Remember, FSD requires an active subscription and compatible hardware. Always drive supervised — stay alert and hands-ready. Safe travels!